In one study on patients with NPM1 mutant AML of intermediate risk, favorable outcomes were observed with high dose induction chemotherapy or azacytidine treatment (with or without subsequent allo-SCT), and the 2-year OS was far superior (>80%) for patients who received this treatment preemptively in comparison to patients who received treatment at hematologic relapse [109]. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.