As confirmed in a study conducted by Song et al., TSH causes the release of VEGF-A via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR or ERK signal pathway, which enhances the expression of CD31, CD163, and CXCL8, thus reinforcing the infiltration of macrophages and promoting tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and neoplasm.