IL1B and Hepatic fibrosis: Other fibrosis-associated gene mRNA expression did not significantly change with proglumide therapy in mPSC, including Hic-5 (hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5)—associated with hepatic fibrosis and stellate cell activation via TGF-β [50]; Fap (fibroblast activating protein gene)—not usually expressed in adult tissues but associated with fibrosis, tissue remodeling, and pancreatic cancer [51]; and IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA, associated with PSC activation and fibrosis via TGF-β [52] (Supplementary Table S1).