Various mechanisms by which TLR4 signaling influences EMT are proposed, including the activation of the JNK/MAPK [76] and NF-κB signaling pathways [77], the regulation of caspase-1 expression by the TLR4/STAT3/SUMO1 pathway [78], and the TLR4/E2F1/NANOG pathway [81], which is implicated in HCC invasion and drug resistance. Here, E2F1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.