In 2016, Reck and colleagues first reported the superiority of pembrolizumab versus platinum-doublet chemotherapy in treatment-naïve metastatic NSCLC with a programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) tumour proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%, with an improved objective response rate (ORR), improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) being found [1,2]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.