CD8A and melanoma: In a phase-I/II study (NCT02335918), varlilumab was safely administered in conjunction with nivolumab to patients with checkpoint-naïve chemotherapy-refractory solid tumors, including melanoma (Ph I, n = 4), to generate a strong immunologic response of proinflammatory nature with significantly decreased Tregs (Ph I; median decrease of 51%; p < 0.001, Ph II week 8; median decrease of 71%; p < 0.001) and predominantly CD8+ increased TILs.