In NSCLC, BRAFV600E promotes the generation of interleukin (IL), such as IL-1α and IL-1β, hence repressing the recognition and killing capacity of tumor-specific CTLs, partially through the upregulation of PD-1 ligands, PD-L1, and PD-L2, and via secretion of cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.