In this phase, tumor cells evade recognition of the immune system by loss of tumor antigens, co-stimulatory molecules or MHC class I, secrete cytokines TGF-β, IL-6, M-CSF, and VGEF, that increase angiogenesis and express molecules of immunosuppression (TDO, IDO, galectin-1/3/9, CD73, CD39, and PD-L1 adenosine receptors), survival (anti-apoptotic molecule bcl-2), and enhanced resistance (STAT-3). Here, CSF1 is linked to neoplasm.