IGF1R and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, Raf-1 serine/threonine kinase (RAF1), kinase insert domain receptor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR/VEGFR-2), and IGF1R—which represent genes involved in the MAPK pathway (regulates cell growth and proliferation)—have been identified in renal, non-small-cell lung, and hepatocellular cancer [79,80,81].