CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Further, there are limited studies using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples, which have thus far focused on blocking PD-1 ligands, known as PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD ligand-2 (PD-L2) in an in vitro setting, where one study in non-small cell lung cancer showed enhanced iNKT cell function after blocking PD-L117, while another showed no effect of PD-L1/L2 blockade in PBMCs from people living with HIV (PLWH)18.