In support of expanded resident macrophage population, we found that many genes with increased expression in arteries with IBD (ms4a4a, ms4a6c, il1r1, cd36,Figure 3; Supplementary Table S1) overlap with genes enriched in peripheral nervous system (PNS) macrophages, (Wang et al., 2020), which are self-renewing. This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and inflammatory bowel disease.