However, other studies have shown the presence of smaller protein fragments in various models, including NF-L (Posmantur et al., 1994) and MBP in models of traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative autoimmunity (Liu et al., 2006; Belogurov et al., 2015), as well collagen IV (McColl et al., 2008) and laminin (Zalewska et al., 2003) in models of cerebral ischemia. Here, NEFL is linked to brain ischemia.