Probiotic supplementation alleviated oral and intestinal infection in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced mucositis.15Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 was recently introduced as a probiotic that improves chemotherapy-induced mucositis via the folate production-like pathway.38 Another study suggested that probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria) may activate anti-viral macrophages through the secretion of nitric oxide and inflammatory agents like IL-6.39 The effects of various probiotics on animal models of oral mucositis are summarized in Table 1. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is mucositis.