The best predictive models for OS involved adding the CD38+ cell proportion to the CD8+ cell proportion for all patients (ΔLRχ2 = 11.5, P = 0.0004; Figure 5, Supplementary Table 6), adding the CD38+CD68+ cell proportion to the LAG-3+CD8+ cell proportion for virus-related HCC (ΔLRχ2 = 7.54, P = 0.006; Figure 5, Supplementary Table 8), and the LAG-3+ cell proportion alone for non-virus HCC (HR = 0.038, P = 0.004; Table 3). Here, CD8A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.