While the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment showed a weak correlation with survival after anti-PD-1 treatment in the CheckMate 040 clinical trial (17), our study showed that high levels of CD8+ cells are also significantly associated with ICB response and may be used in conjunction with the LAG-3+ cell proportion to guide ICB treatment in clinical practice. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.