Very interesting results were presented by Bushara and colleagues [39], who reviewed data of the high incidence of anal SCC in HIV+ patients (even under cART) and concluded that chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to increased PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion, impairing the cytotoxic antitumor response as previously reported by our group [40]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV infectious disease.