CCL2 and breast carcinoma: Currently, the literature is in overwhelming support of MCP‐1 as a pro‐metastatic chemokine–high levels of MCP‐1 have been associated with breast cancer stroma development,11, 12, 13, 14 angiogenesis,15, 16 progression,8, 26, 27 metastasis17, 18, 19 and poor prognosis–and so the association of low MCP‐1 expression with poor prognosis in this study is a surprising finding.