Furthermore, primary myeloma cells from a newly-diagnosed patient as well as a relapsed patient lacking BCMA expression while retaining abundant FcRH5 expression, which were largely refractory to recognition and lysis by autologous BCMA CAR-T cells containing the same scFv in the CAR structure as that currently demonstrating potent clinical activity against MM2–4, remained highly susceptible to recognition and elimination by autologous FcRH5 CAR-T cells (Supplementary Fig. 5b–d). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF17 and plasma cell myeloma.