In the second part of the study, we show that S. aureus, a pathogen successfully spreading in the skin of AD patients (Totté et al., 2016) and contributing to clinical exacerbations may disturb the sEV/exosomal system in keratinocytes, possibly via this mechanism, but with an additional effect on profilaggrin/filaggrin cargo sorting. The gene discussed is FLG; the disease is Alzheimer disease.