KIT and schistosomiasis: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD117/KIT in schistosomiasis-related urinary bladder carcinoma from Egyptian patients and non-schistosomiasis related urinary bladder carcinomas and its relationship with immunohistochemical expression of HER2 and ERβ and attempted to correlate it with pertinent variables that will help to provide better treatment options of possible combined targeted and hormonal therapy that might be effective against this aggressive malignancy.