PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The results of the above experiments showed that THF-H improved T2D better than THF-L, indicating that THF improved T2D in a dose-dependent manner, to further investigate whether the protective mechanism of THF on mitochondrial function was linked to the AMPK-MICU1 pathway, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of energy metabolism-related genes (AMPK, AMPKα, SIRT1, PGC-1α), MCU and MICU1, which decreased in the E-Wat of each group.