NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia leads to renal lesions through multiple mechanisms, including stimulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, angiotensin II synthesis, protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine pathway flux, polyol pathway flux, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation11.