HPGDS and chronic kidney disease: As mentioned in our systematic review, the experimental studies came to the conclusion that propolis could be effective in decreasing the MDA levels in serum, urine, as well as renal and liver tissues and it may increase antioxidant parameters such as serum SOD and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), liver GPx, and renal GSH, CAT, FRAP, paraoxonase (PON1), heme-oxygenase-1(HO-1) score, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the rat models with CKD or acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by diabetes, HTN, ischemic-reperfusion, or partial nephrectomy11.