CD40LG and inflammatory bowel disease: Compared with the general population, patients with IBD have a nearly 3-fold increased risk of developing thromboembolism, mainly in the venous circulation.[22,23] It has been reported that the increased risk of thromboembolism is related to the overexpression of CD40L in PLTs, which may be the only source of CD40L in IBD patients.[6,24,25] Patients hospitalized with IBD have a higher risk of VTE and VTE-related mortality compared with hospitalized patients without IBD.[26] Moderately to severely active UC is an important risk factor for VTE.