PAX5 and leukemia: PAX5 is a critical transcription factor that plays an essential role in B cell lineage development and is also linked to the development of ALL.[51] The mutations most commonly associated with PAX5 in ALL, particularly B-ALL, result in downregulation and impair DNA-binding activity and expression, contributing to leukemia.[48,52] The article underscores how PAX5 is often subjected to deletions, amplifications, rearrangements, and point mutations.