It has been discovered that there are over 20 different subtypes of B-ALL, each with its own distinctive risk of relapse.[29] A study uncovered adult B-ALL’s genetic and molecular architecture, revealing 2 distinct variants that aid in diagnosing patients with Swyer syndrome[8] and Bainbridge.[9] For this review, we will focus specifically on the role of PAX5 mutations in the development of ALL. Here, PAX5 is linked to 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis.