VEGFA and neoplasm: In the inflammatory tumor environment, a series of inflammatory factors secreted by immune cells, and autocrine by tumor cells like VEGF, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), and Interleukin (IL), among others, can stimulate angiogenesis in the tumor region (44, 45).