HIF1A and central nervous system cancer: Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the “Warburg effect,” refers to the catabolism process in which tumor cells consume glucose and produce a large amount of lactic acid even when the oxygen supply is sufficient.69 Compared to normal brain, Glioma is characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis, leading to hypoxic local tissue, production of HIF-1α and TGF-β, activation of immunosuppressive CD4+ T cells, and inhibition of NK cell activity.