HNRNPD and cancer: Moreover, HSPA1B is involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through interaction with the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important non-lysosomal protein degradation pathway in cells that directly or indirectly affects the occurrence of various malignant tumors by regulating cell cycle activity and apoptosis-related proteins and activating or inhibiting the expression of proto-oncogenes and anti-oncogenes (Park et al., 2020).