The expressions of BMP2, BMP3, BMP5, BMP6, GDF5, GDF8, GDF10, ACVRL1, ACVR1, BMPR1A, TGFBR1, ACVR1C, ACVR2A, TGFBR2, TGFBR3 and BMPR2 were significantly decreased, whilst BMP8A, BMP8B, GDF9, GDF11, GDF15, ACVR1B, BMPR1B and GREM1 were significantly increased in breast tumours of the TCGA cohort (Figure 1A, Supplementary Table 1). Here, GDF11 is linked to breast neoplasm.