NFKB1 and infection: These cytokines are known to cause a range of infection-related biological effects, inflammation, and autoimmune processes and they are highly implicated in the pathogenesis of RA by activating the adaptive immune response [46,47] CARD8 has been shown to be a negative regulator of activation of NF-κB and caspase-1, suggest its role in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, this led to the immune response and inflammatory activity to be suppressed [44].