Not only the pyroptosis inhibiter, necrosulfonamide (NSA), could improve cognitive impairment via suppressing pyroptosis, but also the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could ameliorate POCD by reducing the level of ROS and pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (Zhou et al., 2023). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.