It was reported that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis directly led to cognitive impairment in PND mice model induced by isoflurane, and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 could inhibit overactivated pyroptosis and exert a neuroprotective effect, thus improving cognitive impairment (Fan et al., 2018). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Cognitive impairment.