TBX1 and cancer: CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete a variety of growth factors (EGF, HGF, IGF1, SDF1), cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL8, IL11, LIF), chemokines, and proangiogenic factors (VEGFA, SDF1, FGF2, IL8, PDGFC), which can cause a rewiring of cellular metabolism, provoke a SASP status in senescent cancer cells, and ultimately promote cancer progression by transforming the TME into a dense and fibrotic structure (210).