Similarly, CAR-T cells expressing the ectodomains of pMHC complexes can specifically interact and eliminate pathogenic T cells.1094 For instance, CAR-T cells expressing I-Ag7-B:9-23 (R3) complex that the insulin B-chain peptide B:9-23 is presented by MHC II, directly target pathogenic B:9-23–specific CD4+ cells and significantly delay the onset of diabetes.1095 Likewise, genetically engineered CAR-T cells with insulin B chain peptide fused with MHC I component β2 microglobulin (β2m) could reduce the pathogenic CD8+ T cells and ameliorate diabetes in NOD mice.1096. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.