During the course of LPS sepsis (0–36 hpi), most PICCs reached the first and second peak at 6 and 16 hpi, respectively, with IL-6, IL-18, CCL5, CCL7 and CXCL1 sustaining at plateau at 36 hpi (Supplementary Fig. 1g). Here, CXCL1 is linked to Sepsis.