Acute LPS inflammation causes bone marrow (BM) monocytes to rapidly egress into circulation and infiltrate tissues, where they differentiate to inflammatory DCs and macrophages.28 Careful comparison of nude or nude mice adoptively transferred with CD4+ T cells (Supplementary Fig. 3a for the partial BM reconstitution) showed that, CD4+ T cell deficiency led to more Ly6Chi monocytes retained in BM and less migrated to the blood or infiltrated to the spleen and liver 3 hpi (Fig. 2a, Supplementary Fig. 3b for gating strategy). Here, CD4 is linked to congenital T-cell immunodeficiency.