Sevoflurane was found to improve gas exchange, reduce alveolar edema, and attenuate pulmonary and systemic inflammation in multiple preclinical models of ARDS [10, 13–17], and one pilot randomized controlled trial in patients with ARDS found that sevoflurane, compared to intravenous midazolam, improved arterial oxygenation and decreased alveolar and plasma levels of some inflammatory cytokines and of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), a marker of lung epithelial injury [18]. The gene discussed is AGER; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.