TNF and neoplasm: Using the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect apoptotic DNA fragmentation in tumor sections, we found that combination of RGD4C.TPA.TNFα with CDDP induced the highest level of apoptosis compared to CDDP or RGD4C.TPA.TNFα alone (Figure 8A).