IGF1 and Insulin resistance: Remarkably, miR-16 has been demonstrated to target multiple genes that participate in various biological processes such as pancreatic β-cell proliferation and apoptosis [49], insulin signaling [50], and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins 1 and 2 which are involved in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulation, a factor closely linked to insulin resistance [46, 51–53].