Additionally, hypoglycemic drugs should also be taken into account, since evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that men with T2DM using insulin sensitizers, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, lost significantly less skeletal muscle mass (− 1.1% vs. −2.9%) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (− 1.8% vs. − 4.4%) than those treated without insulin sensitizers [40]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.