More importantly, both SARS-CoV-2 and pCoV-GD01 infection induced the production of cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-2, IL-5, TNF-alpha, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-3, MIP-1beta, MIP-2, Exotaxin, IL-15/15R, IL-28, IL-3, G-CSF, IL-1alpha and ENA-78 (Fig. 2g). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.