This was accompanied by a decreased frequency of participants requiring insulin treatment at the diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (72.3% vs 98.1% in children from the DiMelli study; p<0.05) and a decreased frequency of participants with moderate or large ketonuria (22.2% vs 78.4%; p<0.001) in children with a prior early-stage diagnosis (Table 2). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.