STK39 and pseudotumor cerebri: Androgens induce expression of SPAK [101] and modulate NKCC1 activity [102] which, taken together with the well-established SPAK-dependent modulation of NKCC1 activity [45, 46, 103] provide a potential coupling between the elevated androgenic tone observed in IIH patients and elevated NKCC1-mediated CSF secretion rate.