Similar findings were also reported from the randomized, phase III Checkmate 238 study, which tested the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab versus immunotherapy with the anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab in patients with resected stage IIIB–C or stage IV melanoma, and found a sustained RFS benefit in favour of nivolumab at 4 years (51.7% versus 41.2% with ipilimumab (HR, 0.71, 95% CI 0.60–0.86) [5]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to melanoma.