CST3 and chronic kidney disease: In model 4, after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia and statin use, CKD and ischemic stroke history, and TC, TG, apoA, apoB, HDL, LDL, LP(a), FFA, Cr, UA, cystatin C, Ca, P, HbA1C, and TNT levels, H-type hypertension remained the potent independent predictor for CTO; compared with patients without hypertension and HHCY, those with H-type hypertension were at a 2.3-fold increased risk for CTO (95% CI 1.01–5.26, P = 0.048).