APOC1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This variant, near the APOC1 gene, have been reported to exist in LD with APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphisms (Zhang et al. 2018), and it is unknown whether these associations are independent of the APOE alleles that are known to increase the risk of obesity (Galal et al. 2021; Zeljko et al. 2011).