CD8A and neoplasm: Furthermore, ELJNV + Laser increased the central memory T cells (TCM, CD45+CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+) to effector memory T cells (TEM, CD45+CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L−) ratio by 3.1-fold in the spleens of KPC tumor-bearing mice (Fig. 7k and Supplementary Fig. 49g), suggesting that ELJNV markedly induced immune memory to prevent tumor relapse and distant metastasis45.