TGFBR1 and neoplasm: First, it is validated that LY2157299 (LY), an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFR1) suppresses TGF-β1-induced CAF activation and tumor fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby paving the way to promote intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes.