When compared to vehicle treatment in T1DM rats, a single IP injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg) given at 30 min before ischemia onset led to a lower p‐IκBα/total‐IκBα ratio (Figure 4b; p < .05), a reduced cytochrome C release (Figure 4c; p < .05), decreased 145‐kDa SBDP band intensity (Figure 4d; p < .05), and decreased 120‐kDa SBDP band intensity (Figure 4e; p < .05) at 24 h of CIRI as evaluated using western blot. This evidence concerns the gene NFKBIA and type 1 diabetes mellitus.