IL4 and tuberculosis: In 30 studies, the serum IL-4 concentration was detected using ELISA.[9,11,12,14,21,22,24–35,38,39] A cytometric bead array (CBA) measurement method was used in 4 studies.[23,37] Using ELISA or CBA to detect IL-4, the serum IL-4 concentration in TB subjects was found to be greater than that in healthy controls (SMD = 0.541, [95% CI, 0.032–1.050], I2 = 97.2%, P = .037; SMD = 1.127, [95% CI, 0.028–2.225], I2 = 93.3%, P = .044; see Table 3).