Enhanced levels of NSUN2 and NSUN2-mediated m5C are observed in patients with gastric cancer (GC) (30, 34, 51), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (52, 53), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (35, 54), hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) (55), prostate cancer (56), cervical cancer (57), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (58) and uveal melanoma (59). The gene discussed is NSUN2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.