A recent study demonstrated that peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII)-based nanomedicines displaying PDC-E2 lipoyl domain could reprogramme cognate antigen-experienced CD4+ T-cells into disease-suppressing T-regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells in mice with characteristic pathological features of PBC. This evidence concerns the gene DLAT and primary biliary cholangitis.