RT-qPCR (Figures 6C, D), ELISA (Figures 6E, F), and flow cytometry (Figure 6G) analyses showed that the expression of M1-type marker gene mRNA, secretion of M1-type marker protein, and expression of M1-type surface marker CD86 (expression of M1-type-associated markers) were significantly increased in the early stages of B. abortus infection compared with the PBS group, whereas the differences were not significant in the late stages of infection. This evidence concerns the gene CD86 and infection.