RT-qPCR (Figures 3C, D), ELISA (Figures 3E, F), and flow cytometry (Figures 3G, H) analyses showed that the expression of M1-type marker gene mRNA, secretion of M1-type marker protein, and expression of M1-type surface marker CD86 (expression of M1-type-associated markers) were significantly increased in the early stages of B. abortus infection compared with the PBS group, whereas the differences were not significant in the late stages of infection. The gene discussed is CD86; the disease is infection.