Therefore, in this study, the acute myeloid leukemia-like cell line K562 was used as the research object to explore the effect of EPAS1 on the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and the changes in the expression of IRS2 to clarify the adaptative mechanism of high-altitude hypoxia and the prevention of hypoxia-related blood diseases and provide new ideas for treatment. This evidence concerns the gene EPAS1 and blood disease.