Likewise, positive or negative regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/Akt or other signaling pathways through pharmacological modulators have shown to regulate the infection of various viruses including RSV, HCV, HBV, Herpes, DENV and Zika virus (Cho et al., 2009; Zhu et al., 2010; Schachtele et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and infection.