Proteins that were decreased during NEC included collectin subfamily member 12 (COLEC12), glucagon (GCG), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), glycoprotein hormone alpha polypeptide heterodimer (CGA CGB), MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA), and Ephrin A3 (EFNA3). Here, GCG is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.